Data
Architecture
Models, policies, rules, or
standards that govern which data is collected, and how it is stored, arranged,
and put to use in a database system, and/or in an organization.
Data architecture is one of the
pillars of Enterprise Architecture. The other pillars are the Application
Architecture, Business Architecture and Integration Architecture. The Data
Architecture pillar is the definition or blueprint of the data design which
will be used in achieving the implementation of a physical database.
The data architecture can be
compared to a house design where all the descriptions of the house structure to
be built – from the choice of materials, sizes and style of the rooms and
roofing, lay out of the plumbing and electrical structures – are described in
the blueprint.
MindTools
Project Management Framework - Project
Management Phases and Processes, Log frames and the Logical Framework Approach,
Theory of Change for evaluation, Project Initiation Documents, The RFP, also
referred to as Invitation to Tender (ITT) or Request for Information (RFI),
forms the cornerstone of this bidding process. Risk Impact/Probability Chart.
Scheduling - Gantt Charts, Gap
Analysis, Critical Path Analysis and PERT Charts
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
PERT is a variation on Critical
Path Analysis that takes a slightly more skeptical view of time estimates made
for each project stage. To use it, estimate the shortest possible time each
activity will take, the most likely length of time, and the longest time that
might be taken if the activity takes longer than expected.
Use the formula below to
calculate the time to use for each project stage:
Shortest time + 4 x
likely time + longest time
-----------------------------------------------------------
6
This helps to bias time estimates
away from the unrealistically short time-scales normally assumed.
Scope Management - Business
Requirements Analysis
Building Support for Your Projects
–
The RACI Matrix
|
A RACI matrix is a very important
tool that can help in the implementation and correct functioning of a
process. The RACI matrix is mostly used to align the human elements in the
process. Usually there are many different
people involved in any process and they have differing responsibilities. A
RACI matrix makes an explicit documentation of this and keeps as a ready
reference to be used at different stages in the process. Here is how the RACI
matrix can be utilized.
Responsible: This is the class of people who are ultimately
responsible for getting the work done. This may refer to the individual
workers that perform the given task or it could refer to the system in case
the task is automated.
Accountable: This is the class of people that are accountable to
oversee that the work gets done. This usually means the immediate manager
overseeing the work.
Consulted: These may be subject matter exerts who need to be
consulted at the time of an exception. There is a possibility that am
unanticipated scenario arises in a process. These are the people who will do
the thinking and suggest any deviations from the Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP).
|
|
Informed: This is the class of people who have some interest in the
performance of a given task. This may be a manager trying to control the
execution of the task at hand. Also this could be an input signal to the other
process.
Rules
for using RACI Matrix
- Only One Responsible and Accountable Person: It is essential that only person be assigned the R/A
roles. Having more than one person responsible for the same task increases
ambiguity and the chances of the work not being performed. It could also
lead to duplication of work and wastage of efforts and costs.
Having
more than one accountable person means again leads to the same problem.
However, having only person accountable also leads to a problem. If the
assigned person is incompetent the whole process may go for a toss. It is for
this reason that there is often a hierarch of accountable people in place.
- Responsible-Accountable Is Mandatory: The consult or inform roles are not mandatory for
every activity. It is possible that some activities may not require them
at all. But the responsible accountable roles must be assigned. Even if
the system is performing the tasks automatically, someone must be made
accountable to see that it does get done.
- Communication with the Consultant: There must be a two way channel of communication with
the consultant. This communication is itself a task and must be explicitly
listed having its own responsible accountable persons. The important
aspect is that the communication be two-way. Hence one has to ensure that
adequate follow up is done and minimum time lag is required to complete
this communication.
- Inform the Required Stakeholders: This is a one way channel of communication. It is
usually meant to be a signal for some other process to begin or as a
control metric to ensure smooth functioning of the same process. Usually
this is automated but needs accountability like other automated tasks.
Influence maps are a natural extension of Stakeholder
Analysis. Your project's success can depend on identifying its key stakeholders
and then managing the various relationships between them. Stakeholders have the
power to help or hurt your initiatives, so stakeholder management is an
important aspect of project management.
Communication - Project Milestone
Reporting, Dashboards
Change Management
Project Improvement and Review
